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綜合布線系統的由來
綜合布線(xian)系(xi)統是(shi)一種在(zai)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)物(wu)(wu)和建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)群中傳(chuan)輸信息的(de)(de)(de)網(wang)絡(luo)(luo)系(xi)統,1985年由(you)電話電報(bao)公(gong)司(AT&T)貝爾(er)實(shi)驗室首先推出,并(bing)(bing)于1986年通過電子工業(ye)(ye)協(xie)會(EIA)和通信工業(ye)(ye)協(xie)會(TA)的(de)(de)(de)認證,得到(dao)認同。它采用模塊化(hua)設(she)(she)計和分(fen)層的(de)(de)(de)星形(xing)拓撲結構,把建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)物(wu)(wu)內部的(de)(de)(de)語音(yin)交換和智(zhi)能數據(ju)處理設(she)(she)備(bei)及其(qi)他廣義的(de)(de)(de)數據(ju)通信設(she)(she)施(shi)相互連(lian)(lian)接(jie)起來,并(bing)(bing)采用設(she)(she)備(bei)同建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)物(wu)(wu)外(wai)部的(de)(de)(de)數據(ju)網(wang)絡(luo)(luo)、電話網(wang)絡(luo)(luo)和有線(xian)電視網(wang)絡(luo)(luo)相連(lian)(lian)接(jie)。綜合布線(xian)系(xi)統包括建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)物(wu)(wu)與建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)群內部所有用以連(lian)(lian)接(jie)以上設(she)(she)備(bei)的(de)(de)(de)線(xian)纜(lan)和相關的(de)(de)(de)布線(xian)器(qi)件。
GCS出現的意義在(zai)(zai)(zai)于它(ta)打破了數(shu)據(ju)傳輸(shu)(shu)和(he)語音傳輸(shu)(shu)的界限,使這兩(liang)種(zhong)不(bu)同的信號(hao)能夠在(zai)(zai)(zai)一(yi)條(tiao)線(xian)(xian)路中傳輸(shu)(shu),將建(jian)筑(zhu)物內(nei)的計算機網絡和(he)電(dian)話(hua)網絡系統綜(zong)(zong)合起來(lai),這也是當前綜(zong)(zong)合布線(xian)(xian)的主要(yao)(yao)應用領域。在(zai)(zai)(zai)此基礎上,為(wei)適應智(zhi)能化(hua)建(jian)筑(zhu)發展對系統集成度不(bu)斷提高(gao)的需要(yao)(yao),以及進一(yi)步完成計算機網絡、電(dian)話(hua)網絡和(he)設備自控線(xian)(xian)路的集成工(gong)作,標(biao)準化(hua)組織正在(zai)(zai)(zai)相(xiang)應標(biao)準。
系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)集(ji)(ji)(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)被普(pu)遍認為是(shi)設(she)備的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)集(ji)(ji)(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)和(he)信(xin)息的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)共享,智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)大(da)廈的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關鍵特征(zheng)在(zai)于(yu)其智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)化(hua)(hua),而智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)化(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)質(zhi)是(shi)信(xin)息資源和(he)任務的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)綜合(he)共享與全局(ju)一體化(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)綜合(he)管理(li)(li)。可(ke)以說,沒(mei)有(you)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)集(ji)(ji)(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)就(jiu)沒(mei)有(you)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)化(hua)(hua)可(ke)言。智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)建筑(zhu)內的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)各(ge)個(ge)(ge)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)都不是(shi)獨立(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),各(ge)個(ge)(ge)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)通過計(ji)(ji)算(suan)機通信(xin)網絡(luo)連接(jie)在(zai)一起,互相交換數據(ju),共同管理(li)(li)大(da)樓。那么,要(yao)(yao)達到(dao)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)集(ji)(ji)(ji)成(cheng)(cheng),解決大(da)樓內各(ge)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)互聯(lian)問題就(jiu)成(cheng)(cheng)為建設(she)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)大(da)廈的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關鍵。在(zai)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)大(da)廈的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)設(she)計(ji)(ji)中,系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)集(ji)(ji)(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)設(she)計(ji)(ji)有(you)以下(xia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規律和(he)原則:首先,要(yao)(yao)在(zai)保(bao)證設(she)計(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)開放性(xing)(xing)和(he)可(ke)擴(kuo)充性(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)前提下(xia),采用(yong)(yong)綜合(he)一體化(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)優化(hua)(hua)集(ji)(ji)(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)設(she)計(ji)(ji);另外,還要(yao)(yao)考慮用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)際需要(yao)(yao)和(he)承受(shou)力(li)(li),有(you)側重地選取各(ge)個(ge)(ge)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong),制訂不同的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)集(ji)(ji)(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)實(shi)施方(fang)案,做到(dao)為用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)量體裁衣;再(zai)者,系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)設(she)計(ji)(ji)要(yao)(yao)滿足工(gong)程分階段實(shi)施的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)可(ke)能(neng)性(xing)(xing)。由于(yu)用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)對系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)功(gong)能(neng)分階段性(xing)(xing)以及對工(gong)程費用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)承受(shou)能(neng)力(li)(li),成(cheng)(cheng)功(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)集(ji)(ji)(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)設(she)計(ji)(ji)應該是(shi)無論用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)分多少個(ge)(ge)階段來(lai)完成(cheng)(cheng)這(zhe)個(ge)(ge)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong),在(zai)今后的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)擴(kuo)展和(he)功(gong)能(neng)提升時,這(zhe)個(ge)(ge)設(she)計(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)集(ji)(ji)(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)始終是(shi)個(ge)(ge)一體化(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)整體。
另(ling)一方(fang)面,GCS隨著房(fang)地(di)產事業的(de)(de)發展(zhan)進入(ru)家庭,智能(neng)化小(xiao)(xiao)區(qu)(qu)及家居布線(xian)(xian)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)迅速發展(zhan)。當(dang)前小(xiao)(xiao)區(qu)(qu)綜(zong)(zong)合布線(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)主要(yao)參考標準為《住(zhu)宅和(he)(he)小(xiao)(xiao)型商(shang)用(yong)電信(xin)布線(xian)(xian)標準》( TIA/EIA-570A)。小(xiao)(xiao)區(qu)(qu)綜(zong)(zong)合布線(xian)(xian)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)和(he)(he)智能(neng)建(jian)筑綜(zong)(zong)合布線(xian)(xian)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)主要(yao)區(qu)(qu)別在于(yu)小(xiao)(xiao)區(qu)(qu)智能(neng)化系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)用(yong)戶(hu)獨(du)門獨(du)戶(hu),且每(mei)戶(hu)都有(you)許多房(fang)間,每(mei)戶(hu)的(de)(de)每(mei)個(ge)房(fang)間的(de)(de)配線(xian)(xian)都應獨(du)立,小(xiao)(xiao)區(qu)(qu)綜(zong)(zong)合布線(xian)(xian)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)應實現分(fen)戶(hu)管(guan)理。而且智能(neng)住(zhu)宅需要(yao)傳輸的(de)(de)信(xin)號種(zhong)類(lei)較(jiao)多,不只有(you)語音(yin)和(he)(he)數(shu)據,還有(you)有(you)線(xian)(xian)電視(shi)、樓宇對講(jiang)等。因(yin)此,智能(neng)小(xiao)(xiao)區(qu)(qu)每(mei)個(ge)房(fang)間的(de)(de)信(xin)息點較(jiao)多,需要(yao)的(de)(de)接口(kou)類(lei)型也較(jiao)智能(neng)建(jian)筑豐(feng)富(fu)。
GCS出現的意義在(zai)(zai)(zai)于它(ta)打破了數(shu)據(ju)傳輸(shu)(shu)和(he)語音傳輸(shu)(shu)的界限,使這兩(liang)種(zhong)不(bu)同的信號(hao)能夠在(zai)(zai)(zai)一(yi)條(tiao)線(xian)(xian)路中傳輸(shu)(shu),將建(jian)筑(zhu)物內(nei)的計算機網絡和(he)電(dian)話(hua)網絡系統綜(zong)(zong)合起來(lai),這也是當前綜(zong)(zong)合布線(xian)(xian)的主要(yao)(yao)應用領域。在(zai)(zai)(zai)此基礎上,為(wei)適應智(zhi)能化(hua)建(jian)筑(zhu)發展對系統集成度不(bu)斷提高(gao)的需要(yao)(yao),以及進一(yi)步完成計算機網絡、電(dian)話(hua)網絡和(he)設備自控線(xian)(xian)路的集成工(gong)作,標(biao)準化(hua)組織正在(zai)(zai)(zai)相(xiang)應標(biao)準。
系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)集(ji)(ji)(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)被普(pu)遍認為是(shi)設(she)備的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)集(ji)(ji)(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)和(he)信(xin)息的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)共享,智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)大(da)廈的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關鍵特征(zheng)在(zai)于(yu)其智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)化(hua)(hua),而智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)化(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)質(zhi)是(shi)信(xin)息資源和(he)任務的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)綜合(he)共享與全局(ju)一體化(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)綜合(he)管理(li)(li)。可(ke)以說,沒(mei)有(you)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)集(ji)(ji)(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)就(jiu)沒(mei)有(you)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)化(hua)(hua)可(ke)言。智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)建筑(zhu)內的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)各(ge)個(ge)(ge)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)都不是(shi)獨立(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),各(ge)個(ge)(ge)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)通過計(ji)(ji)算(suan)機通信(xin)網絡(luo)連接(jie)在(zai)一起,互相交換數據(ju),共同管理(li)(li)大(da)樓。那么,要(yao)(yao)達到(dao)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)集(ji)(ji)(ji)成(cheng)(cheng),解決大(da)樓內各(ge)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)互聯(lian)問題就(jiu)成(cheng)(cheng)為建設(she)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)大(da)廈的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關鍵。在(zai)智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)大(da)廈的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)設(she)計(ji)(ji)中,系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)集(ji)(ji)(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)設(she)計(ji)(ji)有(you)以下(xia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規律和(he)原則:首先,要(yao)(yao)在(zai)保(bao)證設(she)計(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)開放性(xing)(xing)和(he)可(ke)擴(kuo)充性(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)前提下(xia),采用(yong)(yong)綜合(he)一體化(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)優化(hua)(hua)集(ji)(ji)(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)設(she)計(ji)(ji);另外,還要(yao)(yao)考慮用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)際需要(yao)(yao)和(he)承受(shou)力(li)(li),有(you)側重地選取各(ge)個(ge)(ge)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong),制訂不同的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)集(ji)(ji)(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)實(shi)施方(fang)案,做到(dao)為用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)量體裁衣;再(zai)者,系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)設(she)計(ji)(ji)要(yao)(yao)滿足工(gong)程分階段實(shi)施的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)可(ke)能(neng)性(xing)(xing)。由于(yu)用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)對系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)功(gong)能(neng)分階段性(xing)(xing)以及對工(gong)程費用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)承受(shou)能(neng)力(li)(li),成(cheng)(cheng)功(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)集(ji)(ji)(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)設(she)計(ji)(ji)應該是(shi)無論用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)分多少個(ge)(ge)階段來(lai)完成(cheng)(cheng)這(zhe)個(ge)(ge)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong),在(zai)今后的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)擴(kuo)展和(he)功(gong)能(neng)提升時,這(zhe)個(ge)(ge)設(she)計(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)集(ji)(ji)(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)始終是(shi)個(ge)(ge)一體化(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)整體。
另(ling)一方(fang)面,GCS隨著房(fang)地(di)產事業的(de)(de)發展(zhan)進入(ru)家庭,智能(neng)化小(xiao)(xiao)區(qu)(qu)及家居布線(xian)(xian)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)迅速發展(zhan)。當(dang)前小(xiao)(xiao)區(qu)(qu)綜(zong)(zong)合布線(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)主要(yao)參考標準為《住(zhu)宅和(he)(he)小(xiao)(xiao)型商(shang)用(yong)電信(xin)布線(xian)(xian)標準》( TIA/EIA-570A)。小(xiao)(xiao)區(qu)(qu)綜(zong)(zong)合布線(xian)(xian)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)和(he)(he)智能(neng)建(jian)筑綜(zong)(zong)合布線(xian)(xian)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)主要(yao)區(qu)(qu)別在于(yu)小(xiao)(xiao)區(qu)(qu)智能(neng)化系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)用(yong)戶(hu)獨(du)門獨(du)戶(hu),且每(mei)戶(hu)都有(you)許多房(fang)間,每(mei)戶(hu)的(de)(de)每(mei)個(ge)房(fang)間的(de)(de)配線(xian)(xian)都應獨(du)立,小(xiao)(xiao)區(qu)(qu)綜(zong)(zong)合布線(xian)(xian)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)應實現分(fen)戶(hu)管(guan)理。而且智能(neng)住(zhu)宅需要(yao)傳輸的(de)(de)信(xin)號種(zhong)類(lei)較(jiao)多,不只有(you)語音(yin)和(he)(he)數(shu)據,還有(you)有(you)線(xian)(xian)電視(shi)、樓宇對講(jiang)等。因(yin)此,智能(neng)小(xiao)(xiao)區(qu)(qu)每(mei)個(ge)房(fang)間的(de)(de)信(xin)息點較(jiao)多,需要(yao)的(de)(de)接口(kou)類(lei)型也較(jiao)智能(neng)建(jian)筑豐(feng)富(fu)。
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